There are no sharp dividing lines between these three branches of science. You will find many overlaps between them. Learning to be a scientist During your course so far, you have learnt a lot of facts and information. You have also been learning to think like a scientist.
You have learnt how to observe carefully, and how to do experiments to try to find out answers to questions. You have learnt how to record results, and how to use them to make a conclusion. This book will help you to continue to improve these skills. When you see this symbol SE , it means that the task will help you to develop your scientific enquiry skills.
But it is just as important to be able to use these facts and ideas. You will have to think hard to find the answer for yourself, using the science that you have learnt.
Living things in their environment Plant adaptations Animal adaptations Ecology Food webs and energy flow Decomposers Populations Pollution Habitat destruction Protecting the environment End of unit questions. Chemistry Unit 4 Material properties 4. Unit 6 Reactivity 6. Energy changes Burning More exothermic reactions Endothermic processes Exothermic or endothermic?
End of unit questions. Rates of reaction Measuring the rate of reaction Changes in the rate of reaction Surface area and the rate of reaction Temperature and the rate of reaction Concentration and the rate of reaction Catalysts End of unit questions. Forces in action The idea of density Measuring density Density calculations Pressure Pressure calculations Pressure in gases and liquids The turning effect of a force The principle of moments Calculating moments End of unit questions.
Unit 10 Electricity Unit 11 Energy Photosynthesis is the way that plants make food. They use carbon dioxide and water to make glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction. Energy transfer The photosynthesis reaction needs a supply of energy to make it happen. This energy comes from light. The energy is stored in the glucose that is made. The glucose is a store of chemical potential energy.
Storing carbohydrates Glucose is a sugar. Sugars belong to a group of chemicals called carbohydrates. Plants usually make much more glucose than they need to use immediately. They store some of it to use later. But they do not store it as glucose. Glucose is soluble in water, which makes it difficult to store inside a cell. A starch molecule is made of thousands of glucose molecules linked together in a long chain.
Starch molecules are too big to dissolve in water. They stay as insoluble grains, inside the chloroplasts in the plant cell. Activity 1. Add a leaf to the boiling water. This will break down the cell membranes around the leaf cells. This is important because you are going to use ethanol in the next step, and ethanol is very flammable. Using forceps tweezers , remove the leaf from the water. Stand the test tube in the beaker of very hot water.
Put the leaf into the ethanol. You will see the green colour chlorophyll coming out of the leaf, into the ethanol. Spread the leaf out on a tile. If the leaf contains any starch, it will turn blue-black. A1 Explain why the leaf needed to be boiled before testing with iodine solution. A2 Suggest why it was useful to remove the green colour from the leaf, before testing it with iodine solution.
A3 Describe two things that you did in step 2 to reduce the risk of anyone being hurt. A4 Explain why leaves often contain starch. Farmers and gardeners often add fertilisers to the soil where their crops are growing. The fertilisers provide mineral salts, which make the plants grow larger and healthier. Although fertilisers are expensive, the cost to farmers is outweighed by the extra money they can get for their crop.
What are fertilisers? Fertilisers contain mineral salts. These are substances that plants normally get from the soil. But often the soil does not contain enough of some kinds of mineral salts, which stops the plants growing as large and strong as they could.
Plants need many different kinds of mineral salts. Two of the most important ones are nitrate and magnesium. Nitrate is needed so that the plant can make proteins. Nitrate is also needed to make chlorophyll. If a plant does not have enough nitrate, it will become yellow instead of green. Plants that are short of nitrate are stunted small and yellow.
Magnesium is also needed for making chlorophyll. So a shortage of magnesium makes plant leaves go yellow. How do plants absorb mineral salts from the soil? Each plant is made up of a leaf-like structure, often with tiny roots hanging down into the water.
If you add a single duckweed plant to some water, it will produce new plants as it grows. You can measure how fast the duckweed grows by counting how many plants there are after a certain period of time. Plan an investigation to find out how fertiliser affects the rate of growth of duckweed.
CK provides these resources for high school science for improving education. The flexbooks provide an amazing customizable and interactive resource that can also be used offline. Compiled by Michigan Open Book Project. The following high school textbooks are available from Michigan Open created by Michigan Open Textbooks Project for contribution to open education resources and by sponsorship from the Michigan State Education Department.
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Wong has put together Black Holes are one of the most fascinating subjects in Astrophysics. They are at the center of research and are of great importance in cosmology.
The reader will experience the latest state of knowledge including the newest discovery of a black hole in the center of the Milky Way. This book is designed to guide and orient students of S. Pune University, Pune First year B. Program in their Zoology Practical course. Here all the practical from semester I and semester II are covered in detail with supporting diagrams and appropriate text information.
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